Which statement describes how an atom in the ground state becomes excited?
(1) The atom absorbs energy, and one or more electrons move to a higher electron shell.
(2) The atom absorbs energy, and one or more electrons move to a lower electron shell.
(3) The atom releases energy, and one or more electrons move to a higher electron shell.
(4) The atom releases energy, and one or more electrons move to a lower electron shell.